استاندارد شینگل (EN544:2011)

استاندارد شینگل (EN544:2011)

در طراحی و ساخت ساختمانها و ویلاها اغلب سقفهای شیبدار یا شیروانی بی ارزش دیده میشوند.با وجود اینکه وظیفه حفاظت از ساختمان در برابر آب وهوای نامساعد برای پایداری کیفیت و ظرافت طبع بکاررفته در ساختمان برعهده  سقف است.بدین منظور آیین نامه ها و حقوقی برای طراحی سقف شیبدار یا شیروانی تهیه و تولید شده، که این ارزشها و تولیدات را بتوان کنترل نمود.از سوی دیگر وسایل و آیین نامه ها کمک شایانی به طراحان و تولید کنندگان این قبیل سقفها میکنند.واژه استاندارد:خلق فرصتها و انتقال اطلاعات برای طراحان و مجریان برای بهبود کیفیت و زندگی راحتر.استاندارد EN544:2011 اروپا ضامن کیفیت و داوم محصولی بنام شینگل میباشد.این موضوع بر روی کلیه محصولات تولیدی شرکت تگولا(tegola) ایتالیا عنوان شده است.
مطالعه
اجرای صحیح زیر سازی سقف با پوشش تایل سنگریزه ای

اجرای صحیح زیر سازی سقف با پوشش تایل سنگریزه ای

 در زیر سازی سقفهای( ورق گالوانیوم) با پوشش سنگ ریزه مقتضی است از  قوطی آهنی با ابعاد متناسب با سازه در امتداد شیب و به فواصل حداکثر 80 سانتیمتر استفاده شود. این فاصله بسته به آب و هوای هر منطقه  متغیر است ، یعنی در مناطق با بارش برف زیاد ، ( 70-60 ) سانتیمتر و در جایی که بارش برف کمتر است(80-70 )درنظر گرفته و اجرا می شود . در ضمن شیب سازه می بایست کمتر از 20% درصد نباشد، باید توجه داشت که پروفیلها( که عموماً قوطی سبک میباشد) به صورت صحیح به سازه اصلی متصل گردد.برای نصب پوشش الزامیست  تمامی پروفیلها  کاملاً موازی ، هم سطح و ریسمانی نصب گردند.خواهشمند است توجه فرمائید که سازه فوق الذکر به عنوان وسیله ای برای اتصال زیر سازی چوبی و پوشش محصول  به سقف می باشد که می باید نحوه اتصال پروفیلها  توانائی تحمل بار مرده سقف ، بار زنده برف متناسب با شرایط آب و هوایی و بارهای جانبی باد را داشته باشد. برای اجرای زیرسازی فلزی در سقفهای بتنی باید قطعات انتظار از سقف بیرون باشد تا بتوان پروفیلها را به آنها متصل نمود .لازم به ذکر است بار مرده سقف برای محصول به همراه زیر سازی چوبی و متعلقات 15  الی 20 کیلو گرم بر متر مربع می باشد.نکته : اگر پروفیلها در جهت عمود بر شیب اجرا گردد یا به جای قوطی از پروفیل z   استفاده شده باشد (حداکثر به فاصله 75 سانتیمتر از یکدیگر) سایز چوب رفتر (درجهت شیب ) از 5*4 به 5*6 تغییر کرده و از پیچ 7 سانتیمتر می بایست استفاده شود.سایز چوب مصرفی برای پروژه هایی که پروفیلها در جهت شیب می باشند 5*4 سانتیمتر خواهد بود و مقدار آن 5 الی 5.5 متر طول (چوب رفتر و بتن هم سایز هستند)   به ازای هر متر مربع سقف شیبدار می باشد.برای پروژه هایی که پروفیلها عمود به شیب می باشند ،مقدار وسایز چوبها به صورت زیر می باشد: چوب رفتر (درجهت شیب) :  به ازای هر متر مربع سقف 170 سانتی متر طول  چوب 5*6چوب  بتن (در جهت عمود بر شیب)  :  به ازای هر متر مربع سقف 370 سانتی متر طول  چوب 5*4چوب مصرفی در سقف  می بایست از جنس نراد روسی و به شاخه های 6 یا 4 متری می باشد.پیچ ومیخ مورد نیاز :پیچ گالوانیزه سر بکسی به ضخامت 6 میلیمتر و با طول 5 یا 7 سانتیمتر مورد نیاز برای اتصال چوب به پروفیل می باشد.در پروژه های که رفتر و بتن هر دو یک سایز (5*4) هستند از میخ مته ای  به سایز 11*2 (طول5سانتیمتر) و در پروژه هایی که سایز چوب رفتر 5*6 است از میخ مته ای به اندازه 7 سانتیمتر استفاده می شود.
مطالعه
آماده سازی بام برای نصب شینگل

آماده سازی بام برای نصب شینگل

آماده سازی بامعرشه بامبرای آماده سازی بام باید عرشه بام بایستی صاف، محکم، خشک و کاملاً مهار شده باشد.برای آماده سازی بام عرشه بام بایستی از تخته‌های با کیفیت از جنس plywood یا OSB3 ساخته شود.ابعاد این تخته‌ها معمولاً ۱۲۲­×­۲۴۴ سانتی متر بوده و در صورتی که فاصله چهار تراش‌های زیر آن مناسب انتخاب گردد، ضخامت ۱۱ میلی متر آن برای ساخت عرشه مناسب است.در هنگام نصب تخته‌های عرشه بام رعایت درز انبساط ۳ میلی متر ضروری است برای جلو گیری از لرزش و عدم پایداری عرشه بایستی از شبکه چهار تراش، با فاصله مناسب زیر تخته‌های عرشه استفاده نمود.در هنگام نصب چهار تراش بایستی دقت نمود که ضمن رعایت فاصله مناسب، چهار تراش‌ها به گونه‌ای نصب گردند که لبه‌های تخته‌های پوشش حتما روی چهار تراش‌های کناری قرار بگیرند.در بام‌های که پوشش اصلی آن از جنس بتن و یا مصالح بنایی است، ابتدا بایستی یک شبکه فلزی از قوطی و یا نبشی و با فاصله مناسب از روی سقف ایجاد نمود و سپس با نصب چهار تراش روی قطعات فلزی بستر لازم برای نصب تخته OSB3 یا PLYWOOD آماده کرد. استحکام این شبکه فلزی بایستی قبل از شروع کار توسط کارشناس بررسی و تایید گردد.سیستم تهویهضروری است که اجازه دهیم گرما و بخار آب به وجود آمده در سیستم سقف از طريق تهویه مناسب خارج گردد. بنابراین باید گردش آزاد هوا را از پایین ترین ارتفاع تا تاج بام و در حد فاصل عایق سقف و عرشه بام داشته باشیم. سطح لازم برای تهویه مناسب در سقف‌های با شیب 15-40 درجه ۳۳ سانتی متر مربع و برای شیب 41- 85 درجه ۱۶ سانتی متر مربع به ازای هر متر مربع سطح پوشش بام است. این سطح میتواند بطور یکنواخت بین تاج بام ولبه پایین بام توزیع گردد.زیر شینگلی (لایه آب بند)زیر شینگلی بایستی کاملاً صاف و بدون چروک روی عرشه نصب گردد. در هنگام نصب بایستی از حداقل میخ مورد نیاز برای نگهداری آن روی عرشه استفاده کرد.در سقف های با شیب کم بایستی از زیر شینگلی خود چسب، با همپوشانی افقی ۱۰ و عمودی ۱۵ سانتیمتری و یا در لایه زیر شینگلی در تمام سطح بام استفاده کرد. در صورت استفاده از دو لایه زیر شینگلی، ابتدا یک لایه ۵۰ سانتی متری از زیر شینگلی آماده گردیده و با استفاده از ماستیک ابری، به روی عرشه بام و کاملاً به موازات لبه بام نصب می‌گردد. سپس لایه‌های بعد را با همپوشانی ۵۰ درصدی در جهت افقی و ۳۰ سانتی متر در جهت عمودی و به ترتیب از پایین ترین سطح تا تاج سقف نصب می‌گردد.کلید واژه : شینگل ، شیروانی ، تعمیر و نگهداری سقف شیبدار ، آماده سازی بام
مطالعه
آشنایی با سقف های شیب دار(کاربری و حوزه نفوذ)

آشنایی با سقف های شیب دار(کاربری و حوزه نفوذ)

در سالنهای ورزشی و صنعتي مانند آشيانه هواپيما، انبارهاي بزرگ و کوچک ، ویلا ها ،بناهای یاد بود و سايرسازه های مشابه كه فاصله بين ستونها و ديوارهای باربراز حد معمول بيشتر است، به منظور کاهش سایز تيرهاي بتني و فولادی و همچنین کاهش مصرف بتن و فولاد، از سقفهاي شيبدار استفاده مي‌كنند. علاوه بر موارد فوق درمواقعي كه سقف ساختمان، مورد استفاده طبقه فوقانی قرار نمي‌گيرد، ممكن است به دلايل از این قبیل موضوعاتف از اين نوع سقف استفاده شود. در مناطق سردسير و ساحلی كه ریزش برف و باران زياد است، اجراي اين سقف باعث مي‌شود كه برف و باران به راحتي از آبروها  يا لبه سقف به خارج ريخته و احتياج به برف‌روبي نداشته باشند. سقفهاي شيبدار در مقايسه با سقفهاي مسطح به مواظبت كمتري احتياج دارند و اجراي آنها از لحاظ اقتصادي مقرون به صرفه است. علاوه بر اينها در برخي از نقاط ممكنست ورقهاي پوششي به عنوان عايق رطوبت روي سقفهاي شيبدار بتني يا طاق ضربي قرار گيرند. در مورد اخير توصیه میشود از پوشش شینگل استفاده ‌شود. طبقه‌بندي سقفهاي شيبدار و پوشش آنهاتقسيم‌بندي سقفهاي شيبدار از لحاظ سازه سقف، طرق شيب‌بندي و نوع پوشش روي خرپا به شرح زير است:  2- طبقه‌بندي با توجه به شيب‌بندي سقفاين پوششها مي‌توانند با شيب يكطرفه، دو طرفه و يا به صورت دندانه اره باشند كه نوع اخير بيشتر در كارخانجات و براي استفاده از نور كاربرد دارد. انواع ديگري نيز وجود دارد كه بیشتر در ساختمانهای ویلایی متداول بوده و مابقی رد سازه های خاص.1- طبقه‌بندي با توجه به جنس مصالح سازه سقفپوششهاي شيبدار معمولاً روي خرپاهاي فلزي يا چوبي قرار مي‌گيرند، علاوه بر خرپا در برخي از موارد ممكن است اين پوششها روي سقفهاي بتني شيبدار و يا طاق ضربي نيز قرار گيرند.  ب: ورقهاي آلومينيوم يا موج سينوسي يا ذوزنقه‌اي3- طبقه‌بندي از لحاظ جنس پوششبه طور كلي پوششهاي شيبدار مي‌توانند از انواع مصالح كه اهم آنها به شرح زير است، تشكيل شده باشند: الف:  پوششهاي پنبه كوهي و سيمان شامل ورقهاي موجدار، آردواز و توسكانا  ث: انواع پوششهاي چوبيپ: مهمترين ورقهاي فولادي شامل: ورقهاي فولادي گالوانيزه با موج ريز يا درشت سينوسي و ذوزنقه‌اي، ورقهاي فولادي گالوانيزه صاف، ورقهاي فولادي يا پوشش پلاستيك، ورقهاي تهيه شده با لعاب پخته، ورقهاي رنگ شده از قبيل ورقهاي موجدار با عايقهاي حرارتي، رطوبتي و بخاربند.   ج: پوششهاي سفالي  چ:پوشش با ورقهاي پلاستيكي شفاف ه: پوشش های نوین و بهسازی شده مانند شینگل سازه سقفهاي شيبدارهمان طور كه توضيح داده شد، پوششهاي شيبدار معمولاً روي خرپا قرار مي‌گيرند و خرپا مي‌تواند فلزي يا چوبي باشد. علاوه بر آن در برخي از موارد اين پوششها روي سقفهاي بتني يا طاق ضربي نيز قرار مي‌گيرند. جزئيات اجرايي سقفهاي شيبدار به شرح زير است:الف:  خرپاي فلزيخرپاي فلزي پس از ساخت، بايد به نحو مناسبي رنگ‌آميزي شود، همچنين بايد دقت نمود كه بال بالايي پروفیلهای فلزي در يك شيب و در يك صفحه فرضي قرار گيرند(هم تراز گردند). فاصله لايه‌ها، بايد متناسب با ابعاد ورقها و میزان باربری انتخاب شود. در سقفهاي با خرپاي فلزي که بروی سازه بتنی اجرا میگردد بايد خرپاها كاملاً به كلاف بتن‌آرمه بسته شوند، براي اين كار بايد قبلاً صفحه های فولادی لازم براي اتصال در داخل كلاف بتني قرار داده شود. ب: خرپاي چوبيچوب مورد مصرف در خرپاهاي چوبي، بايد حداكثر ) 19%( رطوبت داشته باشد. اعضاي مختلف خرپاي چوبي در تمام نقاط اتصال بايد با پيچ و مهره و يا اسكوپهاي فولادي محكم به يكديگر بسته شوند (ميخ نمودن ساده اين اضلاع به يكديگر كافي نمي‌باشد). تمامي سطوحي كه با مصالح بنايي تماس دارند، بايد براي محافظت در مقابل رطوبت با قير، قطران يا مواد مناسب ديگري كه مورد تصويب دستگاه نظارت باشد، اندود گردند. در محل تماس خرپاي چوبي با مصالح بنايي يا بتن در تكيه‌گاهها بايد يك لايه مقواي قيراندود، نئوپرين و يا مصالح مشابه آن قرار داده شود. بايد امكان تهويه خرپاهاي چوبي فراهم باشد تا از پيدايش قارچ و ساير آفات چوب جلوگيري شود. جفت كردن قطعات مختلف خرپا، بايد با اصول فني صورت گيرد. ميخهاي لاپه بايد از تمام ضخامت لاپه گذشته و به مقدار لازم در عضو فوقاني خرپا فرو روند. در ساختمانهاي چوبي كه در معرض برف و باران واقع مي‌شوند، بايد شكل خارجي بنا طوري باشد كه آب باران به سرعت جريان يافته و تخليه شود. خرپاهاي چوبي متوالي، بايد به وسيله اعضاي ضربدري در جهت عمود بر سطح خرپا با يكديگر مرتبط باشند. پ: طاق ضربيچنانچه سازه سقف شيبدار، طاق ضربي باشد و دستور خاصي به منظور آماده نمودن سطح سقف براي پوشش شيبدار صادر نشده باشد، مي‌توان به ترتيب زير عمل كرد: ابتدا قطعات كوچك واسطه از قبيل ناوداني، تيرآهن و قوطي را آماده كرده و روي تيرآهنهاي سقف ضربي جوش مي‌دهند و سپس پرلينها را روي قطعات پروفيل ياد شده، قرار داده و پوشش را اجرا مي‌نمايند. ت: سقفهاي بتن‌آرمه شيبداراگر سازه سقف شيبدار، بتن‌آرمه باشد، معمولاً در موقع بتن‌ريزي گوه‌هاي چوبي به شكل هرم ناقص در نقاط معيني در دال سقف قرار مي‌دهند تا بعداً بتوان پروفيلهاي آهني را به گوه‌هاي مربوط، متصل و پوشش شيبدار را اجرا نمود. چنانچه گوه‌هاي مورد نظر نصب نشده و يا تدابير ديگري كه بتوان نسبت به نصب پروفيلها اقدام نمود، به عمل نيامده باشد و بخواهند با به كار بردن چكش فشنگي و صفحه فلزي رابط، پروفيلهاي آهني را نصب نمايند، بايد نحوه عمل و نوع فشنگ مورد استفاده به تصويب دستگاه نظارت برسد.در صورتی که بتوان رویه بتن را صاف و مناسب با شیب تامین نمود با استفاده از گرین سیل سقف را آبند نموده و پوشش شینگل را براحتی و بدون هرگونه زیر سازی دیگری اجرا نمود
مطالعه
vapor barrier and its uses

vapor barrier and its uses

:Introduction The deterioration and decay of roofs and walls is a significant problem that can occur in any building. Even a small failure in them can damage the entire structure. Therefore, throughout history, humanity has sought ways to prevent this from happening. Additionally, damage to a building’s roof and walls can result in energy wastage. Given the current global energy crisis, the use of vapor barrier insulation is now considered necessary to prevent energy wastage, building damage, and additional costs. As you know, moisture and heat move upwards in a building due to its lower density. Due to their specific structures, gable roofs, false Kenaf panels, and similar features are suitable locations for moisture accumulation. This is the primary cause of damage and wear to walls and roofs. The primary function of vapor barriers is to prevent moisture from damaging the building. Read on to learn more about the performance of this insulation. ?What is Vapor Barrier Insulation Simply put, vapor barrier insulation is an impermeable barrier used to prevent water vapor and moisture from entering walls, ceilings, and floor cavities. People who live in closed houses increase the humidity of the air during the day by doing daily tasks such as taking a shower and using appliances like a washing machine. High air humidity causes numerous problems, such as mold growth, rotting of building materials, and ultimately, building destruction. Vapor barrier insulators control air humidity and prevent such problems from occurring. ?What are the Characteristics and Structure of Vapor Barrier Insulation This insulation consists of at least two layers of polyester and one layer of polyethylene. The polyethylene layer acts as a breathable layer and has nano openings that, with the action of sealing and moisture, cause exhalation in the building. In fact, the polyethylene layer removes moisture collected in the building using these openings. This feature makes vapor barrier insulation unique compared to other moisture insulation, such as Izogam. The polyester layers in this insulation have antibacterial properties and protect the polyethylene layer. This insulation is usually available in the market in rolls with a length of 50 meters and a width of approximately 1.6 meters. They also come in different thicknesses and weights. But, in general, they are marketed in four main sizes, which are: G100 per M^2, mainly used for light structures, walls, and false ceilings. G120 per M^2, this grammage can also be used for light structures, walls, and false ceilings in areas with low relative humidity. G120N per M^2, this grammage can also be used for light structures, walls, and false ceilings in areas with low and medium relative humidity due to its nano properties. G140 per M^2, this grammage can also be used for light structures, walls, and false ceilings in areas with moderate relative humidity. G140N per M^2, this grammage can also be used for light structures, walls, and false ceilings in areas with high relative humidity due to its nano properties. G160NH per M^2, this grammage can be used for all regions and places. It is a product that can compete with all products produced abroad, using both hot melting and nano technology, and consists of Two layers of nano non-woven polyester + two layers of breathable polyethylene + one layer of plain non-woven polyester. ?What Areas are Vapor Barrier Insulation Suitable for If you live in a temperate climate, you definitely need vapor barrier insulation. Areas with these climate conditions have high humidity in hot seasons and require strong heating systems to warm buildings in cold seasons. This means that there is a possibility of water vapor and moisture accumulation in the building throughout the year. Cold regions also need these insulators due to the high use of heating systems. What Walls Need Vapor Barrier Insulation If a building’s walls are constructed from materials like brick, stone, plaster, fiber cement, or blocks, there is a higher likelihood of water vapor and moisture seeping through any gaps and causing damage to the structure. Therefore, it is crucial to install a protective layer on these walls. Typically, it is necessary to use insulations on all exterior walls in areas with humid climates or cold regions. In addition to external walls, applying vapor barrier insulation to attics, ceilings, and floors can prevent damage to your home. There are three categories of vapor barrier insulation, and engineers use “Sd” to refer to their permeability percentage to moisture. Sd indicates the amount of heat that passes through the insulation in a given time period and helps evaluate insulation performance. The types of insulation are: W1 level vapor barriers: This category of insulation includes materials such as rubber membrane, polyethylene sheet, and metal sheet, with a measured Sd of 0.03 or less. W2 level vapor barriers: The Sd of this type of insulation falls between 0.03 and 1. Expanded polystyrene, asphalt paper, and paper are Level II vapor barriers.
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Shingle standard (EN544:2011)

Shingle standard (EN544:2011)

Sloped roofs or gables are often overlooked in the design and construction of buildings and villas, despite their crucial role in protecting structures from harsh weather conditions. To ensure quality and compliance with regulations, standards and laws have been established for the design and production of sloping roofs and gables. These resources aid designers and manufacturers in improving quality and ease of implementation. The Shingle product, which guarantees quality and durability, is produced by the Tegola company in Italy and adheres to the European standard EN544:2011.
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OSB Board

OSB Board

The Importance of OSB Board in Construction IndustryIntroduction to OSB BoardAn OSB or oriented strand board is a type of wooden panel made of long and thin chips known as layers. Owing to their distinctive appearance, they are widely used in construction work as building boards for structural work, walls in interior work, visible floors, ceiling finishes, and facades. OSB boards are also utilized in the construction of furniture, as frames for shelves, packaging (boxes/cable reels/pallets), store and trade show construction, building fences, and concrete formwork panels.Development and Production of OSB BoardOSB production was developed in the 1950s in the USA and Canada to produce boards with technical specifications similar to those of plywood. The goal was to use sufficient and rapidly renewable wood materials with small trunk diameters. During the production process, long and narrow strands are specifically used, which are aligned and compressed in layers. A classic OSB board consists of three layers.Applications of OSB Board in ConstructionOSB wood panels are vital to the construction industry because they provide high structural durability for ceilings and floors, walls, beams, doors, staircases, etc. They are used as load-bearing components of buildings and are stronger than other similar products. With the boom in the construction industry in several emerging economies in the Asia-Pacific and South American regions, the use of OSB panels is expected to increase, thereby minimizing infrastructure damage. The OSB is also a cost-effective alternative to plywood for building houses. According to the National Association of Certified Home Inspectors, OSB costs $700 less than plywood for a typical 2,400-square-foot home.Global Production Capacity for OSB BoardThe global production capacity of OSB boards is approximately 40 million cubic meter per year. The largest capacities are in the USA, Canada, and Europe. Several new factories have also recently opened in Russia, and there are several in China and Southeast Asia.
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Light structures

Light structures

The growing population and increasing demand for faster construction and quicker returns on investment have led to the need for a transformation in traditional building methods. The construction industry has been around for over a hundred years, starting with the production of T-shaped beams and industrial-scale concrete elements.One of the newer building technologies is the prefabricated light structure system, which was invented in the US about 35 years ago. The connections in this system are integral, unlike the Large Panel method, which uses cams and tongues. The structure is made in the form of rebar networks with a layer of polystyrene foam between them. The lightweight panels are welded to the foundation at the construction site, and the walls and roof are also welded together. Concrete is then sprayed onto the panels with air pressure through a pump, creating integrity in the connections and increasing the strength and stability of the structure.The prefabricated light structure method is particularly advantageous in earthquake-prone areas like Iran, as it reduces the weight of the building and increases resistance to dynamic forces. It also allows for the protection of Islamic and Iranian architecture, as the panels can be designed to fit any style and shape desired.The use of rebar networks in the walls also ensures building safety, as sudden collapse does not happen. The method of prefabricated light structures is recognized as the best method for Iran due to its superior advantages compared to other prefabricated technologies and its compatibility with the needs of most people for low-cost housing.Prefabricated light structures offer numerous benefits, including substantial cost savings, which can contribute significantly to a country’s economic growth and prosperity. The use of this technology results in a 10% reduction in building costs, thanks to decreased cement usage and less steel rebar, which drops from 38 kg to 34 kg in traditional buildings. Moreover, buildings made with prefabricated light structures are lighter, require less raw materials, and are more energy-efficient due to thermal insulation, enhancing their lifespan and strength. Such buildings are also safer against earthquakes and noise pollution. However, the production and installation of prefabricated elements require precision in dimensions and sizes to ensure proper placement in the building. Production and installation errors are allowable to accommodate slight differences between element sizes and designated installation spaces. Transporting prefabricated parts is crucial and must be done on time and accurately. Horizontal transportation should not exceed 90% of the vehicle’s weight capacity, while vertical transportation ranges from 90% to 60%. Additionally, storage is critical, and a detailed plan should be followed, including spacing between piles, identifying parts with labels, and ensuring that parts with the same form, specification, and size are stored together. Finally, before finishing parts, new orders must be prepared in advance to avoid delays.
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How to install shingle

How to install shingle

The Shingle Master is designed for easy installation and operation with a smooth, continuous, clean, and dry process depending on the roof deck. The roof deck can be constructed with materials such as OSB, plywood, cement, fiberboard, or a lightweight silica layer on top of the concrete deck. :Marking on the roofTo mark the roof, follow these steps: draw an xy line perpendicular to the maximum slope of the roof, usually parallel to the lines of the counter and ladder, and 33 cm from the roof. Mark center point A along the xy-line. Draw points B and C on either side of point A, for example, at 150 cm. Find point D closest to the vertex using the distance between B and C with a chalk line as a ruler. Draw the line AD. Two parallel lines were drawn to line AD: one at 16.6 cm (Z) and the other at 33.3 cm (K). Finally, starting from the xy line, horizontal lines are parallel to it at a distance of 14.3 cm from each other up to the vertex line.:InstallationTo begin the installation, a 25 cm burner membrane was placed at the roof edge (as shown in Figure 2). Then, install the first row of shingles along the AD line (picture 2)This is followed by the second row along the Z line (picture #3), the third row along the K line (picture 3), and the fourth row along the Z line (picture 3).The fourth row was installed along the AD line (Figure 3).This process was repeated until installation was complete. Throughout the installation, make sure to turn and level the shingles until they reach the upper edge.:SlopeShingles with nails require a minimum slope of 35% (equivalent to 20 °).Fixing with nails:For roofing, it is recommended to use large head nails with high stability that are zinc coated or galvanized. The length of the nails should be appropriate for the thickness and type of the roof deck. Each MASTER sheet was secured with four nails, as illustrated in Figure 4. It is important to ensure that the nails are placed in the bituminous sub-spring of the next sheet. Note that for slopes exceeding 160% (60 °), six nails should be used on each sheet, and this is indicated in the second and third positions from the left in Figure 5. :sharpTo prevent water from accumulating, install the final row of shingles up to the ridge line, and fold the overhang. The sheet stripes were cut into three pieces to create stripes (as shown in Figure 6) and carefully bent and positioned along the line before installation (Figure 7). If required, the stripes were heated on the sandside before installation. Overlap the piece below and secure the pieces with two nails each when installing the stripes (as shown in Fig. 8). :ValleyFor the perimeter line, an isogam sheet with a width of 100 cm was used. The coverage of one side of the roof should be extended by 25 cm beyond the boundary line, while the belt on the other side should be cut in the middle of the valley. After completing the installation of the second step, mark the centerline of the valley using a chalk line and trim off the surplus sheet. Finally, it was sealed with a bitustick. Avoid using nails in the valley region that measure less than 40 cm (image #8).:the detailsTEGOLA CANADESE offers various options for completing roof details, such as connections, valleys, and chimneys, including copper, colored metal sheets, and bituminous membranes. These products were designed to simplify installation and ensure quality results. Additionally, TEGOLA CANADESE provides a range of roof accessories, such as windows, snow curtains, and visors, to make the installation process even easier. The self-adhesive master shingles were designed to stick together firmly and withstand windy and swampy conditions. However, to prevent lifting during colder or damp weather, it is recommended to heat the adhesive points with a torch and press the belt down to ensure a secure bond.
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How to choose a roof shingle

How to choose a roof shingle

Shingle, also known as a flexible roof tile, is a unique product with distinct qualities that distinguish it from other sloped and gabled roof materials. Due to its numerous advantages and increasing popularity, it has earned the title of “Queen of the Roof.” Shingles are comparable to natural coverings in terms of aesthetics and are suitable for any architectural style and type of sloping roof, lasting almost 50 years. The only challenge is to select the most appropriate option from the various types, shapes, and colors available on the market.Our team of experts can provide guidance to help distinguish between the different types of coatings.Step 1. Understanding the Behavior of Bitumen Types in ShingleAlthough each shingle manufacturer has its own production technology, all shingles share a common base material: bitumen.However, not everyone is aware that bitumen, whether natural or artificial, can be of many types. Shingle roof coverings can have different operational properties, depending on the type of bitumen used. The most crucial property of a shingle in terms of its operational characteristics is its flexibility, which is based on oxidized bitumen. When shingles are exposed to sunlight, ultraviolet rays, and temperature changes from sloped or gabled roofs, their flexibility quickly becomes fragile and disappears. Consequently, the money spent on roofing can be wasted, as most shingles require repair or replacement. Destruction of oxidized bitumenIt is important to note that oxidized bitumen starts to deteriorate and loses its properties even before shingles are installed on the roof. The proportion of oil in the bitumen composition decreased rapidly from the moment it was produced in the factory, and the solid properties increased. Over time, the aging process accelerates because of various natural factors that affect the roof shingle, such as sunlight, snow, rain, and sudden temperature changes. The loss of oil in bitumen leads to cracking and eventual failure.Modifiers were added to bitumen to improve the properties of the shingles. These polymeric modifiers alter the structure of bitumen and enhance its performance. By introducing special components into bitumen, its properties become similar to those of polymers. This slows the aging process and renders the shingles highly resistant to external factors. Consequently, modern flexible shingles are not affected by the issues described earlier.strong shingle armorThe upper layer of the shingle not only reinforces the underlying bitumen layer, but also provides a range of colors, which distinguishes this product from other roofing materials. Additionally, the upper layer acts as a protective shield, safeguarding the flexible bitumen from physical harm and reducing the impact of harmful ultraviolet rays. Hence, the stability of mineral powder color throughout its lifespan is a significant factor to consider when selecting a shingle. It is essential to note that not all manufacturers offer “color stability” guarantees, so it is crucial to pay attention to this aspect. The rate of aging and loss of properties during operationThe shingles used ceramic basalt granules for the top layer, which were produced through a complete cycle from crushing to painting. Basalt was selected for its strength and resistance to weathering. Color is produced through a unique process of ceramicization at high temperatures (above 650 °C) using mineral pigments. This ensured that the paint was sealed and remained durable throughout the lifespan of the shingle.Step 2. Choose the type, shape and color of the shingleShingles can be categorized into various geometric shapes.Archaic – Archaic shapes are those that were popular in the past and include short rhombus, scale, “blonde”, mosaic, irregularly shaped petals with shingle texture, imitating tiles or stone. These shapes are suitable for architectural styles such as Victorian, Gothic, Colonial, Romantic or Chateau.Geometric – Geometric shapes, on the other hand, are more modern and include square, rectangle (brick), tile, rhombus, semicircle, polymedra (honeycomb), and others. These shapes are commonly found in architectural styles, such as English, European, Mediterranean, agricultural, country, and Provence.Volume imitation: The technique of volume imitation can produce a three-dimensional effect on the ceiling, achieved through a special laying method involving multiple overlapping layers. This style is particularly suitable for buildings with Art Nouveau, Gable, and Postmodern architectural design.Abstract: The abstract category includes any other form or pattern that is not categorized elsewhere and lacks a specific name. Buildings with such designs are often associated with modern styles, such as health, fusion, modern, and Scandinavian styles. Color and textureThe selection available here is incredibly diverse; the range of choices can be measured in several hundred hues and textures. Each manufacturer strives to offer various classic and unique models.This extensive color palette is achieved through variations in the grain color, texture, and finish, depending on whether the tile surface is glossy or matte. The most popular color is red-brown, which resembles the color of ceramic and wood roofing. It is just as impressive as gray-black, which imitates aged stone and wood. Brighter colors, such as red, blue, and green, especially with a gradient effect, also attract customers looking for unconventional solutions. An innovative option in the market for roofing solutions for sloping roofs is the use of copper or aluminum shingles as a metal covering. This approach makes metal roofs more accessible because fully sheeted copper roofs can be very expensive. The use of a flexible tile with a metal top layer is a more affordable alternative while retaining all the necessary protective properties.Step 3. We evaluate the overall benefits of the shingleShingle’s uniqueness and versatility have been proven through years of experience using it for even the most complex and unconventional projects. Its benefits are well-founded and impress even the most demanding customers. It can be used on any sloping roof or gable, as well as on building facades, regardless of the angle of inclination and geometric complexity of the surface. Even round roof structures can be covered without significant deviations using shingles.It is stable against external influences, such as humidity, wind, high and low temperatures, and extreme weather changes. In addition, during rain, it does not cause noise and removes snow avalanche. Movement is easily performed on the roof, and the condition of the shingles is easily checked.The affordable cost of Shingle provides a great opportunity to create an attractive and natural-looking roof without breaking the bank. Additionally, shingle installation is simple and can be performed quickly, even by those without professional experience. It did not require any special tools or significant strengthening of the roof structure. Many manufacturers offer educational materials that include detailed specifications and step-by-step installation instructions that are readily available on their websites.For accurate calculations of the required volume of materials for a sloping or gable roof, it is recommended to consult our technical specialists, even if the client does not have a project. We offer a wide range of high-quality materials for sloping or gabled roofs, including unique decorative products such as caps, spikes, waterproofing, and other roof decor elements. Our roof has a guarantee of up to 55 years, ensuring durability and long-lasting protection.Shingles are gaining popularity each year. Modern cost-effective and wear-resistant materials are confidently leading the market and are gradually occupying pitched roofs.
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